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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1^118     |25 
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Corporation 


23  WtST  MAIN  STMET 

WflSTfR,N.Y.  14SM 

(71«)«72^S03 


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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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I^IM    125 

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2?  144    ■" 

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23  WtST  MAIN  STRUT 

WflSTER,N.Y.  145M 

(7t6)«72-4S03 


4^ 


;\ 


»mw^[iipiwin]i»iMmuL-j4Jii-.^giiWiyttjww?g» 


i»r5W^!i!IS?Sa' 


Mte 


y*^ 

'^y 
^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIWIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  tnstituta  for  Historical  IMicroraproductions  /  Inatitut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  hiatoriquas 


SSS^^'t'* 


w^ 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notaa  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


i 


3, 

V 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attomptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantiy  shanga 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


Colour'HJ  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I    Covara  damaged/ 


D 


Couverture  endommagAe 


Covara  reatorad  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  reataurAe  et/ou  peiliculAe 


pn   Cover  title  miaaing/ 


La  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  mapa/ 

Cartea  gAographiquaa  en  coulaur 

Coloured  inic  (1.3.  other  than  blue  or  blacic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleua  ou  noire) 


□   Coloured  platea  and/or  iliuatrationa/ 
Planchea  et/ou  iliuatrationa  en  couleur 

rtTI    Bound  with  other  material/ 
U2w    Reli*  avac  d'autrea  documenta 


D 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  ie  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  «t*  poaaibia  de  aa  procurer.  Lea  dAtaila 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniquea  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normale  de  filmage 
aont  indiqute  ci-deaaoua. 


I     I   Coloured  pagea/ 


Tight  binding  may  cauae  ahadowa  or  diatortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  aerr^e  peut  cauaar  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
diatortion  la  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leavea  added  during  reatoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  poaaibia,  theae 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  aa  peut  que  certainaa  pagea  blanchea  aJoutAea 
lore  d'una  reatauration  apparaiaaent  dana  la  texte, 
mala,  loraque  cela  Atait  poaaibia,  caa  pagea  n'ont 
pea  tub  fiimAaa. 

Additional  commanta:/ 
Commantairea  aupplimantairea 

7/7^5L/vu^^Vl^uCn^L>ja^ 

Thia  item  la  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-deaaoua. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


n 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pagea  andommagtea 

Pagea  reatorad  and/oi 

Pagea  reataurAac  et/ou  pellicultea 

Pagea  diacolourad,  atainad  or  fo>.e< 
Pagea  dteolortoa,  tachatAea  ou  piqutea 

Pagea  detached/ 
Pagea  d6tach6es 

Showthroughy 
Tranaparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit^  InAgala  de  I'impreaaion 

Includea  auppiemantary  matarii 
Comprend  du  material  auppi^mantaire 


I — I  Pagea  damaged/ 

HTj  Pagea  reatorad  and/or  laminated/ 

I — I  Pagea  diacolourad,  atainad  or  fo>.ed/ 

I     I  Pagea  detached/ 

I     I  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  variaa/ 

I     I  Includea  auppiemantary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  diaponibie 

Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  errata 
alipa,  tiaauaa,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
enaure  the  beat  poaaibia  image/ 
Lea  pagea  totalament  ou  partieliement 
obacurciea  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  una  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmAea  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  h 
obtenir  la  maiileure  image  posaible. 


26X 


30X 


K 


12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


28X 


32X 


afe 


Th«  copy  filmad  har*  hat  b««n  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Library  of  Congrats 
Photoduplication  Sarvica 


L'axamplaira  f  ilm4  f  ut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
gAniroait*  da: 

Library  of  Congratt 
Photoduplication  Sarvica 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tUa  b«at  quality 
pottibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  arid  hgibillty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaapinq  w!th  tha 
filming  contract  tpaclficationa. 


Lat  imagat  tuhrantat  ont  At*  raproduitat  avac  la 
plus  grand  toin,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  film*,  at  •n 
conformity  avac  iat  conditiont  du  contrat  da 
fiimaga. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  flimad 
baglnning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuttratad  Impraa- 
alon,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  flimad  baglnning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa- 
aion.  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  Illuatratad  imprataion. 


Laa  axAmplairat  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  aat  ImprimAa  tont  fiimte  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  toit  par  la 
darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
dimpraaaion  ou  dlltuttration,  toit  par  la  tacond 
plat,  aalon  la  caa.  Toua  laa  autraa  axamplairaa 
originaux  aont  f limit  an  commandant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'Impraaaion  ou  d'llluttratlon  at  99*  tarminant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 


Tha  laat  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
ahall  contain  tha  tymbol  -^^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  tymbol  V  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appliat. 


Un  daa  aymbolaa  tuivanta  apparaftra  tur  la 
darnlAra  imaga  da  chaqua  microficha,  talon  ia 
caa:  la  aymbola  — ►  tignifia  "A  SUIVRE".  la 
aymbola  V  aignlfia  "FIN". 


Mapa,  plataa,  chartt.  ate.  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratiot.  Thoaa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraly  inciudad  in  ona  axposura  ara  filmad 
baglnning  In  tha  uppar  laft  hand  cornar,  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framaa  aa 
raquirad.  Tha  following  diagrams  iilustrata  tha 
mathod: 


Las  cartas,  pianchas.  tablaaux,  ate.  pauvant  Atra 
filmte  A  das  taux  da  rAduction  diff Arants. 
Lorsqua  la  documant  aat  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  aaul  clichA,  ii  aat  f ilmA  A  partir 
da  I'angla  aupArlaur  gaucha.  da  gaucha  A  droita, 
at  da  haut  an  baa.  an  pranant  la  nombra 
d'imagaa  nAcaaaalra.  Laa  diagrammas  aulvants 
lllustrant  la  mAthoda. 


1 

t 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

;.-   '-'.  ■.         .'    '  '-/  -^    ^ 

,,--■'               ■..   ,■',■-.; 

;•..  ■■-■.-' 

4 

5 

6 

I 


32X 


_.„„. rtq.-S' 


,,?  --:S) 


^■■'-^■^■■'■::-/^:-iti 


mtmm 


No,  41. 

The  Founding 

of  Quebec, 

Z608. 


FkOlil  THK  "VOYAOEt"  OV  SAMVBL  DK  CHAMrUUN. 


Having  returned  to  France  after  a  stay  of  three  year*  la 
New  France,*  I  proceeded  to  Sieur  de  Monts,  and  related  to 
him  the  principal  events  of  which  I  had  been  a  'itness  aince 
his  departure,  and  gave  him  the  map  and  plan  of  die  most  re* 
markable  coasts  and  harbors  there. 

Some  time  afterward  Sieur  de  Monts  determined  to  con* 
tinoe  his  undertalcing,  and  complete  the  exploration  of  the 
interior  along  the  great  river  St  Lawrence,  where  I  had  been 
by  order  of  the  late  King  Henry  the  Great  f  in  the  year  1603, 
for  a  distance  of  some  hundred  and  eiehty  leagues,  commencing 
in  latituJe  48"  40',  that  is,  at  Gaspe,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
river,  as  far  as  the  great  fall,  which  is  in  latitude  45"  and  some 
minutes,  where  our  exploration,  ended,  and  where  boats  could 
not  pass  as  we  then  thought,  since  we  had  not  made  a  careful 
examination  of  it  as  we  have  since  done.) 

Now,  after  Sieur  de  Monts  had  conferred  with  me  several 
times  in  regard  to  his  purposes  concemin|(  the  exnloration,  he 
resolved  to  continue  so  noble  and  meritoripus  an  undertaking, 
notwithstanding  the  hardships  and  labors  of  the  past  He 
Jionored  me  with  bis  lieutenancy  for  the  voyage ;  and,  in  order 
to  carry  out  his  purpose,  he  had  two  vessels  equipped,  one  com- 

•OMuipUaaiHvvdMtlMahorMol  AaOTlcBiMtbaM  of  M«r,  i«04,  aad  Mt  m  llw 
|d  d  SeptnubMr,  ite/.    H«  had  connqcintly  bata  on  our  comi  Um*  fut,  ttmm  ■aaili% 


%  r»r  tttt  King /ftmy  ttf  Grtmt.  HaanlV  dwdia  i6te;  aad  lbtoMiedMl*rrpM> 
nttwMobviowlywTitMa  altar  that  WMtt.ptolMfalyBMrUwttaw  ol  tha  pahMcaWan  ttkk 
voyafta  ia  i6i|. 

t  In  tha  praHniaaiy  vomia  a(  lio},  Oiaiaplala  mm»i»i  tha  Sl  liavfaaca  aa  to  w  Ik* 
tlibol  SL  Louia,  abort  Mflauaal 


IS 
l 


IP 


J* 


manded  bj  Pont  Grav^  who  wu  commiubned  to  trade  with 
the  iMvages  of  the  coantry  and  bring  back  the  vesaela,  while  I 
was  to  winter  in  the  country. 

Sieur  de  Monts,  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  txp^nan  of 
the  expedition,  obtained  letters  from  hit  Majesty  for  one  Tear, 
by  which  all  persons  were  forbidden  to  traflic  in  peltnr  with  the 
savages,  on  penalties  stated  in  the  following  comtoissran  :— 

Henxv  by  thb  grace  or  God  Kino  or  Frawci  and 
Navarrk,  to  our  beloved  and  faithful  Councillors,  the  <^oers 
of  our  Admiralty  in  Normandy,  Brittr  ny,  and  Guienne,  bailiffs, 
marshals,  provosts,  judges,  or  their  lieutenants,  and  to  e&ch  one 
of  them,  according  to  his  authority,  throughout  the  extent  of 
their  powers,  jurisdictions,  and  precincts,  greeting : 

Acting  upon  the  information  which  has  been  given  us  by 
those  who  have  ret»med  fron  New  France,  respecting  the 
good  quality  and  fertility  of  the  lands  of  that  counti^,  and 
the  disposition  of  the  people  to  accept  the  knowledge  m  God, 
We  have  resolved  to  continue  the  settlement  previously  un- 
dertaken there,  in  order  that  our  subjects  may  go  there  to 
trade  without  hindrance.  And  in  view  of  the  proposition 
to  us  of  Sieur  de  Monts,  Gentleman  in  Ordinary  of  our 
chamber,  and  our  Lieutenant-General  in  that  country,  tc  miake 
a  settlement,  on  condition  of  our  giving  him  means  and  sup- 
plies for  sustaining  the  expense  of  it,*  it  has  pleased  us  to 
promise  and  assure  him  that  none  of  our  subjects  but  himself 
shall  be  permitted  to  trade  in  peltry  and  other  merchandise, 
for  the  period  of  one  year  only,  in  the  lands,  regions,  harbors, 
rivers,  and  highways  throughout  the  extent  of  his  jurlscUc- 
tion :  this  We  desire  to  have  fulfi!'ed.  For  these  causes  and 
other  considerations  impelling  us  thereto,  We  command  and 
decree  that  each  one  of  you,  throughout  the  extent  of  your 
powers,  jurisdictions,  and  precincts,  shall  act  in  our  stead  and 
carry  out  our  will  in  distinctly  prohibiting  and  forbidding  all 
merchants,  masters,  and  captains  of  vessels,  also  sailors  and 
others  of  our  subjects,  of  whatever  rank  and  profession,  to  fit 
out  any  vessels,  in  which  to  go  themselves  or  send  others  in 
order  to  engage  in  trade  or  barter  in  peltry  and  other  things 
with  the  savages  of  New  France,  to  visit,  trade,  or  communi- 
cate with  them  during  the  space  of  one  year,  widiin  the  Juris- 


•TIm  cwlrfbaliMi  br  Hrary  IV.  did  Mt  pntaUr  «dMd  lN|<»d  dw  ■wapnlyot  ikt 
lar4iMh  gnaMid  by  ktm  (•  tha  I 


i 


mm 


to  tnde  with 
veueb,  while  I 

[the  eqpenMt  of 
for  ooe  year, 

peltry  with  the 
ludssion:— 

Fraitcb  and 

[lors,  the  officers 

uienne,  bailiffs, 

tnd  to  e&ch  one 

>t  the  extent  of 

given  ui  by 
respecting  the 
t  countrv,  and 
Hedge  of  God, 
previously  on- 
»y  go  there  to 
he  proposition 
rdinary  <rf  our 
>untry,  tc  make 
leans  and  sup- 
pleased  us  to 
cts  but  himself 
r  merchandise, 
^ons,  harbors, 
>f  his  juriadio- 
!se  causes  and 
command  and 
stent  of  your 
our  stead  and 
forbidding  all 
so  sailors  and 
ofession,  to  fit 
«nd  others  in 
I  other  things 
I  or  communi- 
hin  the  juris- 


diction  of  Sleur  de  Monts,  on  penalty  of  disobedience,  and 
the  entire  confiscation  of  tlieir  vessels,  supplies,  arms,  and 
merchandlae  for  the  benefit  of  Sieur  de  Monts ;  and,  in  order 
that  the  punishment  of  their  disobedience  may  '  t  assured, 
you  will  allow,  as  We  have  and  do  allow,  the  aforesaid  Sieur 
de  Monts  or  his  Ueutenants  to  seise,  apprehend,  and  arrest 
all  violatort  of  our  present  prohibition  and  order,  also  their 
vessels,  merchandise,  arms,  supplies,  and  victuals,  in  order  to 
ulce  fi  deliver  them  up  to  the  hands  oi  justice,  so  that 
action  may  be  taken  not  only  against  the  persons,  but  also 
the  property  of  the  offenders,  as  the  case  shall  require.  Thit 
is  our  will,  and  We  bid  you  to  have  it  at  once  read  and  pub- 
lished in  all  localities  and  public  places  within  your  authority 
and  jurisdiction,  as  you  may  deem  necessary,  bv  the  first  one 
of  our  officers  or  sergeants  in  accordance  with  this  requisition 
by  virtue  of  these  presents,  or  a  copy  of  the  same,  properly  at* 
tested  once  only  by  one  of  our  well-beloved  and  faithful  coun* 
cillors,  notaries,  and  secretpxies,  to  which  it  is  our  will  that 
credence  should  be  given  as  to  the  present  origmal,  in  order 
that  none  of  our  subjects  may  claim  ground  for  ignorance, 
but  that  all  may  obey  and  act  in  accordance  with  our  win 
in  Uiis  matter.  We  order,  moreover,  all  captains  of  vessels, 
mates,  and  second  mates,  and  sailors  of  the  same,  and  other» 
on  board  ai  ve!»aels  or  ships  in  the  ports  and  harbors  of  the 
aforesaid  country,  to  permit,  as  We  have  done,  Sieur  de  Moots, 
and  others  possessing  power  and  authority  from  him,  m  seardi 
the  aforesaid  vessels  wiiidi  shall  have  enj^iged  in  the  fur-trade 
after  the  present  proiiibition  shall  have  b^n  made  known  to 
them.  It  is  our  will  that,  upon  the  requisition  of  the  aioro' 
said  Sieur  de  Monts,  his  lieutenants,  and  others  having  an* 
thority,  you  should  proceed  against  the  disobedient  and  of- 
fenders, as  the  case  may  require :  to  this  end.  We  give  you 
power,  authority,  commission,  and  special  mandate,  notwith- 
standing the  act  of  our  Council  of  the  17th  day  of  July  last,* 
any  hue  and  cry,  Norman  charter,  accusation,  objection,  or 
appeals  of  whatsoever  kind ;  on  account  of  which  and  for  fear 
of  disregarding  which,  it  b  our  will  that  there  should  be  no 
delay,  and,  if  any  of  these  occur,  We  have  withheld  and  re- 
served cognizance  of  the  same  to  ourselves  and  our  CouncU, 
apart  from  all  other  judges,  and  have  forbidden  and  prohibited 
the  same  to  all  our  courts  and  judges :  for  this  is  our  pleasure 


•TM»,«* 


ithaaet 


dM  chapter  «l  D*  MMli  RMrttd  la  1619. 


Given  at  Paris  the  seventh  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of 
grace  sixteen  hundred  and  eight,  and  the  nineteenth  of  our 
reign.  Signed,  HENRY. 

And  lower  down,  By  the  King,  Delomenie.  And  sealed 
with  the  single  label  of  the  great  seal  of  yellow  wax. 

Collated  with  the  original  by  me,  Councillor,  Notary,  and 
Secretary  of  the  King. 

I  proceeded  to  Honfleur  for  embarkation,  where  I  found  the 
tessel  of  Pont  Gravrf  in  readiness.  He  left  port  on  the  sth  of 
April.  I  did  so  on  the  13th,  arriving  at  the  Grand  Bank  on 
the  isth  of  May,  in  latitude  45°  15'.  On  the  36th  we  sighted 
Cape  St.  Mary,*  in  latitude  46°  45',  on  the  Island  of  New- 
toundland.  On  the  27  th  of  the  month  we  sighted  Cape  St 
lAwrence,  on  Cape  Breton,  and  also  the  Island  of  St.  Paul 
distant  eighty-three  leagues  from  Cape  St.  Mary.f  On  the 
30th  we  sighted  Isle  Percde  and  Gasp^.l  in  latituc'e  48°  40,' 
distant  from  Cape  St  Lawrence  from  seventy  to  seventy-five 
leaguei  ' 

On  ti."  3d  of  June  we  arrived  before  Tadoussac,  distant 
from  Gasp<<  from  eighty  to  ninety  leagues ;  and  we  anchored 
in  the  roadstead  of  Tadoussac,§  a  league  distant  from  the 
harbor,  which  latter  is  a  kind  of  cove  at  the  mouth  of  the 
nver  Saguenay,  where  the  tide  is  very  remarkable  on  ac- 
TOunt  of  its  rapidity,  and  where  there  are  sometimes  violent 
winds,  bnnging  severe  cold.  It  is  maintained  that  from  the 
harbor  of  Tadoussac  it  is  some  forty-five  or  fifty  leagues  to 

kJ^^  rtUl  nufan  te  uieiail  dum,  ud  b  ritnied  bMuMn  St  Uuf,  Bay  and 

wJd'^t^iiS  tot^Sk^  miCSJlShrrcSir^  ^  th.  l«Und  »»  Cp.  Bt^o-.  ««. «.. 
, •  "^  •»'•  Peic<e,  or  pierced  Uland,  ti  a  ghort  dbunce  north  of  the  laland  ol  Rnr.>i».. 

h3!l''g^°'s.'^.'1£*'  ^''rjsj*"  ^'J^.°i  »^«srwhr«  thJirTalSssss; 

Hght  l>aui«  Bar  M  aom*  mdtt  farther  north.  "Below  the  ba»."  aa**  Charfiv^i^u^ 
P«oHw  a  kmd  of  Ulaod,  whkh  U  only  a  M«ep  rock  aS^t  thirN  liUwTOW^  ten  wit  ^ 
fourin  brMdth:  it  look*  like  part  of  an  old  Wall,  andtherMT  it  ioSSd  SS^  t^'iiJ^ 

?iSf«»S!5'.S!t!L!^!/fi*  5°S'  <»«  ^'"•y'MyP?"*!*  lU  lall  up;  and  thi*  haaiS^ 

IThe  potition  In  the  roadstead  n-at  wuth-east  of  the  harbor,  lo  Oiat  the  harbor  ma  »» 
lS™»  JiZJS!  ^i.*l.°?.*^'*"P'^V?'*P  °'  •.^•/^  »'  Tadooiaac.    Baode  Mo^a(Bante 

t'S!^^Mrh:;yfL1lJrhtt''ll^'!:•^&^^^     U^'riiss 


i 


^^ZS*:^*.jiSj^  .-^X^ 


i 


\t  in  th«  year  of 
neteenth  of  our 
HENRY. 

^nd  sealed 
I  wax. 

Notary,  and 

ere  I  found  the 
frt  on  the  5th  of 
Srand  Bank  on 
p6th  we  sighted 
Island  of  New- 
rhted  Cape  St 
nd  of  SL  Paul, 
aryt  On  the 
atituc'e  48°  40,' 
to  seventy-five 

0U3sac,  distant 
d  we  anchored 
ftant  from  the 

mouth  of  the 
irkable  on  ao- 
letimes  violent 

that  from  the 
Mty  leagues  to 

>  Sk  Maiy.  Ba,ud 
Cap*  Bntoa,  and  th* 

'T»  C'barlmroix,  ",m 

•  loDf.  tea  hi(b,  OMi 

iUmmlyu,  Mmmt 
n»t  of  II  ao  opeaiac 

».  by  FnactoXavkr 

!il!!i '!{***»••« 
Had  Iha  pontkn  ia- 

•wieMoulia(Baade 

■  '■>   '7X0,  aachotwd 

»  "ekkfrom wfakh 

h«».  bot  probably 


the  first  fall  on  this  liver,  which  comes  from  the  north-north* 
west.  The  harbor  is  small,  and  can  accommodate  only  about 
twenty  vessels.  It  has  water  enough,  and  is  under  shelter  of 
the  river  Saguenay  and  a  little  rocky  island,  which  is  almost 
cut  bv  the  river.  Elsewhere  there  are  very  high  mountain^ 
with  httle  soil  and  only  rocks  and  sand,  thickly  covered  with 
such  wood  as  fir  and  birch.  There  is  a  small  pond  near  the 
liarbor,  shut  in  by  mountains  covered  with  wood.  There 
are  two  points  at  the  mouth :  one  on  the  south-west  side,  ex> 
tending  out  nearly  a  league  into  the  sea,  called  Point  St 
Matthew,  or  otherwise  Point  aux  Allouettes ;  and  another  on 
the  north-west  side,  extending  out  one-eighth  of  a  league,  and 
called  Point  of  all  Devils,*  from  the  dangerous  nature  of  the 
place.  The  winds  from'  the  south-south-east  strike  the  har> 
bor,  which  are  not  to  be  feared ;  but  those,  however,  from  the 
Saguenay  are.  The  two  points  above  mentioned  are  dry  at 
low  tide.  Our  vessel  was  unable  to  enter  tl'£  harbor,  as  the 
wind  and  tide  were  unfavorable.  I  at  once  had  the  boat 
lowered,  in  order  to  go  to  the  port  and  ascertain  whether 
Pont  Grav^  had  arrived.  While  on  the  way,  I  met  a  shallop 
with  the  pilot  of  Pont  Gravtf  and  a  Basque,  who  came  to 
inform  me  of  what  had  happened  to  them  because  they  at* 
tempted  to  hinder  the  Basque  vessels  from  trading,  according 
to  the  commission  obtained  by  Sieur  de  Monts  from  his 
Majesty,  that  no  vessels  should  trade  without  permission  of 
Sieur  de  Monts,  as  was  expressed  in  it ;  and  that,  notwith* 
standing  the  notifications  which  Pont  Grav^  made  in  behalf 
of  his  Majesty,  they  did  not  desist  from  forcibly  carrying  on 
their  traffic;  and  that  they  have  used  their  arms  and  main* 
tained  themselves  so  well  in  their  vessel  that,  discharging  all 
their  cannon  upon  that  of  Pont  Grav^,  and  letting  off  many 
musket-shots,  lie  was  severely  wounded,  together  with  three  of 
his  men,  one  of  whom  died,  Pont  Gravd  meanwhile  making  no 
resistance,  for  at  the  first  shower  of  musketry  he  was  struck 
down.  The  Basques  came  on  board  of  the  vessel  and  took 
away  all  the  cannon  and  arms,  declaring  that  they  would  trade, 
notwithstanding  the  prohibition  of  the  King,  and  that  when 
they  were  ready  to  set  out  for  France  they  would  restore  to 
him  his  cannon  and  ammunition,  and  that  they  were  keeping 
them  in  order  to  be  in  a  state  of  security.     Upon  hearing  all 

*  PtinU  dt  Ittu  Itt  DiMn.    Now  kaowa  aa  Potato  aiu  Vach«t,f«iM;    Tba 
tha  olbar  aidt  of  tha  river  ia  MiU  called  Folate  aux  Alouattet,  or  Lark  Poiat 


m 


..-ttii- 


r."  '■  ■"8."'.i ' '.  'JSi'  ■/■)..".' J... 'i'tiTO-n'-rffi^ 


tiiese  particulars,  I  was  greatly  annoyed  at  such  a  beginning, 
which  we  might  have  easily  avoided. 

Now,  after  hearing  from  the  pilot  all  these  things,  I  asked 
him  why  the  Basque  had  come  on  board  of  our  vessel,  tic 
told  me  that  he  came  in  behalf  of  their  master,  named  Darache, 
and  his  companions,  to  obtain  assurance  from  me  that  I  would 
do  them  no  liarm,  when  our  vessel  entered  the  harbor. 

I  replied  that  I  could  not  give  any  until  I  had  seen  Pont 
Grav^.  The  Basque  said  that,  if  I  had  need  of  anything  in 
their  power,  they  would  assist  me  accordingly.  What  led  them 
to  use  this  language  was  simply  their  recognition  of  having 
done  wrong,  as  they  confessed,  and  the  fear  that  they  would 
not  be  permitted  to  engage  in  the  whale-fishery.  After  talk- 
ing at  length,  I  went  ashore  to  see'  Pont  Grav^,  in  order  to 
deliberate  as  to  what  was  to  be  done.  I  found  him  very  ill. 
He  related  to  me  in  detail  all  that  had  happened.  We  con- 
cluded that  we  could  only  enter  the  harbor  by  force,  and  that 
the  settlement  must  not  be  given  up  for  this  year,  so  that  we 
considered  it  best,  in  order  not  to  make  a  bad  cause  out  of  a 
just  one,  and  thus  work  our  ruin,  to  give  them  assurances 
on  my  part  so  long  as  I  should  remain  there,  and  that  Pont 
Grav^  should  undertake  nothing  against  them,  but  that  justice 
should  be  done  in  France,  and  their  differences  should  be 
settled  there. 

Darache,  master  of  the  vessel,  begged  me  to  go  on  board, 
where  he  gave  me  a  cordial  reception.  After  a  long  confer- 
ence, I  secured  an  agreement  between  Pont  Grav^  and  him, 
and  required  him  to  promise  that  he  would  undertake  noth- 
ing against  Pont  Grav^,  or  what  would  be  prejudicial  to  the 
King  and  Sieur  de  Monts;  that,  if  he  did  the  contrary,  I 
should  regard  my  promise  as  null  and  void.  This  was  agreed 
to,  and  signed  by  each. 

In  this  place  were  a  number  of  savages  who  had  come  for 
traffic  in  furs,  several  of  whom  came  to  our  vessel  with  their 
canoes,  which  are  from  eight  to  nine  paces  long,  and  about  a 
pace  or  pace  and  a  half  broad  in  the  middle,  growing  nar> 
rower  towards  the  two  ends.  They  are  ver/  apt  to  turn 
over,  in  case  one  does  not  understand  managing  them,  and 
are  made  of  birch  bark,  strengthened  on  the  inside  by  little 
ribs  of  white  cedar,  very  neatly  arranged.  They  are  so  light 
that  a  man  can  easily  carry  one.  Each  can  carry  a  weight 
equal  to  that  of  a  pipe.     When  they  want  to  go  overland  to  a 


fch  •  beginning, 

things,  I  asked 
our  vessel.  He 
named  Daradie, 
me  that  I  would 
hiirbor. 

had  seen  Pont 
of  anything  in 
What  led  them 
iltion  of  having 
that  they  would 
cry.    After  tolk- 
»v6,  in  order  to 
ind  him  very  ill. 
>eaed.    We  con- 
r  force,  and  that 
ytiT,  so  that  we 
id  cause  out  of  a 
them  assurances 
';  and  that  Pont 
but  that  justice 
inces  should  be 

to  go  on  board, 
r  a  long  confer- 
Gravrf  and  him, 
lunderuke  noth- 
irejudicial  to  the 
the  contrary,  I 
This  was  agreed 

D  had  come  for 
J^esse!  with  their 
ig,  and  about  a 
e,  growing  nar- 
"•/  apt  to  turn 
Sing  them,  and       j 

inside  by  little       ' 
hey  are  so  light 
carry  a  weight 

overland  to  a 


river  where  they  have  business,  they  carry  them  with  then. 
From  Choiiacoet  along  the  coast  as  far  as  the  harbor  o( 
Tadoussac,  they  are  all  alike. 

After  this  agreement,  I  had  some  carpenters  set  to  work  to 
lit  up  a  little  barque  of  twelve  or  fourteen  tons,  for  carrying  all 
tliat  was  needed  for  our  settlement,  which,  however,  could  not 
be  got  ready  before  the  last  of  June. 

Meanwhile  I  managed  to  visit  some  parts  of  the  river 
Saguenay,  a  fine  river,  which  has  the  incredible  depth  of  some 
one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  fathoms.*  About  fifty 
leagues  from  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  there  is,  as  is  said,  a 
^'reat  waterfall,  descending  from  a  very  hi^h  elevation  with 
i;reat  impetus  «ity.  There  are  some  islands  m  this  river,  very 
barren,  being  only  rocks  covered  with  small  firs  and  heathers. 
It  is  half  a  league  broad  in  places,  and  a  quarter  of  a  league 
at  its  mouth,  where  the  current  is  so  strong  that  at  three- 
quarters  flood-tide  in  the  river  it  is  still  running  out.  All 
the  land  that  I  have  seen  consists  only  of  mountains  and 
rocky  promontories,  for  the  most  part  covered  with  fir  and 
birch,  a  very  unattractive  country  on  both  sides  of  the  river. 
In  a  word,  it  is  mere  wastes,  uninhabited  by  either  animaU 
or  birds;  for,  going  out  hunting  in  places  which  seemed  to 
me  the  most  pleasant,  I  found  only  some  very  small  birds,  such 
as  swallows  and  river  birds,  which  go  there  in  summer.  At 
other  times  there  are  none  whatever,  in  consequence  of  the 
excessive  cold.    This  river  flows  from  the  north-west. 

The  savages  told  me  that,  after  passing  the  first  fall,  they 
meet  with  eight  others,  when  they  go  a  day's  journey  with* 
out  finding  any.  Then  they  pass  ten  others,  and  enter  a 
lalw,t  which  they  are  three  days  in  crossing,  and  they  are 
easily  able  to  make  ten  leagues  a  day  up  stream.  At  the  end 
of  the  lake  there  dwells  a  mignitory  people.     Of  the  three 

Tht  dtipm  ■oaadinc  M  \M  down  on  Lanric'i  Chart  U  oaa  hnadrtd  and  (ottjr-ais 
T|m  mom  aiilhority  layt  tha  baain  ol  tha  river  throoghoal  iu  aiaraa  aia  vanr 


rocky,  and  vurj  in  haiahi  from  ona  handrad  and  aavcnijr  to  thraa  hnndrad  and  forty  yarda 
-  abova  iha  atraam.  lla  currant  ia  broad,  daap,  and  uaconinionly  vahaaiant  In  aooM 
pbcaa,  whara  practptoaa  intarvaaa,  ara  talla  from  flfly  to  ataty  faal  in  haight,  down  which  tha 
wfaola  voluna  of  water  raahaa  with  iramendoaa  fury  and  notaa.  The  gaiaral  breadth  of  tha 
river  i*  about  two  and  a  half  mllca,  but  at  ila  moutli  its  width  ia  coatractad  to  threa-qaaitafa 
of  a  mila.    Tha  tide  rana  upward  about  aikly-Ave  milea  from  ita  aaouth 

t  If  tha  IndUaa  ware  three  daya  ni  eroaaing  I,aka  St.  John  here  referred  to,  whoM  leaath 
k  varloualy  elated  to  be  from  twenty-live  to  forty  milea,  it  could  hardly  have  been  tha 
ihotteet  tine  in  wMch  it  ware  poaaibia  to  pam  it  It  may  have  been  the  uaual  time,  KHna  tt 
which  tliay  gave  to  tahmg  or  hunttog.  ^  In  1647,  Father  Jean'  Duquen,  mtaalonary  at  Ta- 
douauc,  aacandlng  the  Saguenay,  diacovated  the  Lalce  St  John,  and  noted  iU  Indian  naaaa, 
Picouaaami,  or  Put  LalM.  He  wai  tlte  first  European  wlw  beheld  tliat  magnineeat  — 
af  bdaad  water."—  ^ult  Tramtmttma  LU.  amtHu.  St.  ^Qmtit,  itbr**,  9  S- 


i 


.'... 


^' 


1 


rivers  which  flow  into  this  lake,  one  comet  from  the  north, 
very  near  the  aea,  where  they  consider  it  much  colder  than  in 
their  own  country;  and  the  other  two  from  other  directions 
in  the  interior,*  where  are  migratory  savages,  living  only 
from  hunting,  and  where  our  savages  carry  the  merchandise 
we  give  them  for  their  furs,  such  as  beaver,  marten,  lynx,  and 
otter,  which  are  found  there  in  large  numbers,  and  which 
they  then  carry  to  our  vessels.  These  people  of  the  north 
report  to  our  savages  that  they  see  the  salt  sea ;  and,  if  that 
is  true,  as  I  think  it  certainly  is,  it  can  be  nothing  but  a 
gulf  entering  the  interior  on  the  north.f  The  savages  say 
that  the  distance  from  the  north  sea  to  the  port  of  Tadoussac 
is  perhaps  forty-five  or  fifty  days'  journey,  in  consequence  of 
the  difficulties  presented  by  the  roads,  rivers,  and  country, 
which  is  very  mountainous,  and  where  there  is  snow  for  the 
most  part  of  the  year.  This  is  what  I  have  definitely  ascer- 
tained  in  regard  to  this  river.  I  have  often  wished  to  explore 
it,  but  could  not  do  so  without  the  savages,  who  were  unwill- 
ing that  I  or  any  of  our  party  should  accompany  them. 
Nevertheless,  they  have  promised  that  I  shall  do  so.  This 
exploration  would  be  desirable,  in  order  to  remove  the  doubts 
of  many  persons  in  regard  to  the  existence  of  this  sea  on  the 
north,  where  it  is  maintained  that  the  English  have  gone  in 
these  latter  years  to  find  a  way  to  China,  t 

I  set  out  from  Tadoussac  the  last  day  of  the  month  to  go 
to  Quebec.  I     We  passed  near  an  island  called  Hare  Island,  | 

•Th«flnt<rfihMthiMriy*n,whkhth«trav«llcrwlUniMtuh«j)uinopllMnorllMni 
■bon  ot  tiM  UlM,  U  th*  Piribaaca  flowing  rrom  the  aoitb-wut  Hi*  ttcmid  la  the  Mil- 
tanlna.  rmraimted  bvlh*  iBdiaiw  u  caauc  (rom  tiM  mII  laa.  Th*  Uilrd  la  iha  ChomiHi- 
choaan,  flowiag  from  tba  norlli-wttL  »—««.-- 

t  Thara  wat  doulitim  an  Indian  trail  from  Ilia  haad-walart  of  Iha  Miataialna  to  MiaUada 
Laka,  aad  from  Ihanca  to  Rupert  Rivar,  which  flowa  into  tha  lower  part  of  Hudioo'i  Bay. 

»Tha  lalt  *«a  rcfartcd  to  bjiha  Indians  waa  nndoubtadlr  Hudion'a  Bay.  The  dia- 
corarar  of  thii  biy,  Henry  Hudion,  in  the  veari  1607,  i6u8,  and  1600,  waa  in  die  itorthcm 
ocean  searching  tore  passage  fp  Cathay.  In  1610  ha  diKovered  the  strait  and  bay  which 
BOW  bear  hie  nante.  Ha  pamcd  the  winter  in  the  southern  part  of  the  bay  1  aad  iha  aest 
•ear,  1611,  hu  sailois  in  a  mutiny  forced  himand  his  officers  into  a  shallopf  and  abaodoaad 
them  to  Deiish.  Nothing  was  heard  of  thtm  alterward.  The  lame  of  Hudson's  discovery 
had  reached  Champlaia  before  the  publication  oi  this  volume  in  1613.  This  will  be  apparent 
br  jnmrincChamplamUsmall  map  with  the  Tabula  Nautica  of  Hudson,  published  In 
i4i».  It  win  be  seen  that  the  whole  of  the  Carte  C<ognphique  de  U  Nouvelie  Franca  of 
Ch«mplain,<m  the  west  of  Lumley's  Inlet,  including  Hudson's  Strait  and  Bay,  is  a  copy  fiom 
the  TabuUNsutica.    KventhenamMareinEnaliai.afewcharactertsticoBisbeingbmiMed, 

NmvigmUr,  by  C.  M.  Asher,  LL.D.,  HaUuyt  Society,  18A0,  p.  ally 
fThia  waa  June  |o,  1608. 

..iiJi'i?  *Vi  ^ i^T.'  1"  ^Sf^.  ""•'■  •»"•,*«»  f",*™  by  J«c«l»"  Carder,  and  it  la  atffl 

T  eallad  Hate  Island.    It  ia  about  Ian  geographical  miles  long,  and  generelly  aboat  hall  or 

three  qMatters  of  a  mile  wide.  -->         •  /  — -  — 


■  ■■  4'  -■"^: 

-  -rii'i  ■   {^"■--'tiiMit' i>M-'iti',ai»' 


'rom  the  north, 
colder  than  in 
other  directions 
ei,   living  only 
>e  merchandise 
■rten,  lynx,  and 
era,  and  which 
i  of  the  north 
ea ;  and,  if  that 
nothing  but  a 
le   aavages  say 
of  Tadoussac 
:onsequence  of 
and  country, 
snow  for  the 
definitely  aacer- 
hed  to  explore 
ho  were  unwill- 
:ompany  them. 
1  do  so.    This 
ove  the  doubts 
his  sea  on  the 
I  have  gone  in 

E  month  to  go 
Hare  Island,  | 

"•,»«•>•««>  th«  lilt. 

•flMMdna  lo  MiMmiB 
ol  HudMo't  BityT^ 

^••,B«jr.  Th.dU. 
.  WM  la  th*  iMMthcrn 
«r»l«  and  btr  which 
'•bay;  ud  Am  miI 
«llop,aiMlab*iidoMd 
I  HudMn'*  diicoven 

i  Nouveir*  Pniic*  of 
a  Bay,  it  ■  copjr  froa 
c  OM*  being  onltted. 
'  fftnry  ffmUm  Ht 


Cwlter,  ud  it  b  Mfll 
Mnlly  aboat  half  or 


distant  six  leagues  from  the  above-named  port:  it  b  two 
len(;ues  from  the  northern,  and  nearly  four  leagues  from  the 
southern  shore.  From  Hare  Island  we  proceeded  to  a  little 
river,  dry  at  low  tide,  up  which  some  seven  hundred  or  eight 
hundred  paces  there  are  two  falls.  We  named  it  Salmon 
River,*  smc«  we  caught  some  of  these  fish  in  it.  Coasting 
along  the  north  shore,  we  came  to  a  point  extending  into  the 
river,  which  we  called  Cap  Dauphin.t  distant  three  leagues 
from  Salmon  River.  Thence  we  proceeded  to  another,  which 
we  named  Eagle  Cape,  I  distant  eight  leagues  from  Cap 
Dauphin.  Between  the  two  there  is  a  large  bay,f  at  the  ex- 
trcmtty  of  which  is  a  little  river  dry  at  low  tide.  From  Eagle 
Cape  we  proceeded  to  Isle  ar x  Coudres,  |  a  good  league  dis- 
tant, which  is  about  a  league  ticyi  a  half  long.  It  is  nearly 
livel,  and  grows  narrower  towari^  the  two  ends.  On  the 
western  side  there  are  meadows,  k^nd  rocky  points  extending 
some  distance  out  into  the  river.  On  the  south-west  side  it 
is  very  reefy,  yet  very  pleasant  in  consequence  of  the  woods 
surrounding  it.  It  is  distant  about  half  a  league  froui  the 
northern  shore,  where  is  a  little  river  extending  some  I  stance 
into  the  interior.  We  named  it  Rivih'e  du  GoufTre,"  ince 
abreast  of  it  the  tide  runs  with  extraordinary  rapidity  ;  and, 
although  it  has  a  calm  appearance,  it  is  alwav*  lauch  agl- 
tated,  the  depth  there  being  great :  but  the  it  it»«:if  is 
shallow,  ind  there  are  many  rocks  at  and  ^bout  its  nout!.. 
Coasting  along  from  Isle  aux  Coudres,  we  reached  :.  cape 
which  we  named  Cap  de  Tourmente,**  five  leag>tr    dijcant; 

'JfHfitr*  mux  Saali 
River  it  thai  which  tail 


ipUaa 
Itan 


"Pnwi  alt  apptaraacaa,"  tart  LararlUrt,  '  mit  SaloKia 
«e  Iha  '  Port  I  I'EcfuUlaa,'  aal  hartwr,  alto  c^ltd  '  f'^rt  ana 


Quilln,'  Skiuiat  Port,    ita  Rtouth  la  two  laaapaa  iroa  Cap*  Salmoo,  with  whic^  It  lau  4  aol 
be  canfonadtd."    It  la  aow  kaowa  aa  Black  River. 

t  Cmf  DmifUM,  now  called  Cape  SalaMw,  erhich  ti  aboat  thrar  laagaea  from  Black 

River. 

) Cmf  I  FAigU,  BOW  kaowa  at  Cap  aoa  Diet,  or  Goote  Capa  The  Ztgle  Cape  of 
to-day  it  little  more  than  two  leafoea  Iroai  Cape  Salmoo,  while  Gooee  Cape  ia  aboot  eight 
leaguca,  aa  Mated  ta  the  text. 

IThe  bar  iirMchlac  between  Cape  Salaaoa  and  Gooee  Cape  It  called  Mai  Bav,  withla 
whicli  are  Cape  Eagle,  Mnrray  Bay,  Pont  an  Plat,  White  Cape,  Red  Cape,  Black  Cape. 
Point  Pira,  Point  CocBeille,  aad  Little  Mai  Bay.  In  the  rear  of  Goote  Cape  ate  la«  Ebook- 
meni  Mountaint,  1,547  iwt  ia  heighL  On  the  oppoelte  itde  of  the  river  it  Potet  Onalle.  aad 
the  river  of  the  1 


lltU  aujt  Cfulm,  Hatel  Itlaad,  to  named  by  Jaoqoee  Caititr.  itUI  retaiat  ha  aucttal 
appellanoa.  Itt  diitance  from  Gooee  Cape  ia  about  two  leagaea.  \'m  deeoiption  of  it  ia 
he  text  la  very  accotata. 

1  Ranir*  Ju  Gtufri.  Thii  river  elill  retaiaa  thia  name,  algnlfyliig  whirlpool,  and  ia  the 
same  that  cmpliet  into  St  Paol't  Bay,  oppotite  Itia  aux  Coadiat. 

**Cr>/  J*  Tturmfntt,  cape  of  the  lempett,  it  eight  leaguee  from  Itle  ana  Ceodiae,  bat 
about  two  from  the  Itle  of  Orleant,  at  ttaled  in  the  teat,  which  tuflciently  idantifiee  it 


^. 


10 

and  we  gave  it  this  name  because,  however  Uttlvt  wind  there 
may  be,  the  water  nses  there  as  if  it  were  full  tide.  At  this 
point  the  water  begins  to  be  fresh.  Thence  we  proceeded  to 
the  Island  of  Orleans,*  a  distance  of  two  leasrues,  on  the 
south  side  of  which  are  numerous  islands,  low,  covered  w<th 
trees  and  very  pleasant,  with  large  meadows,  having  plenty 
of  game,  some  being,  so  far  as  I  could  judge,  two  leagues  in 
length,  others  a  trifle  more  or  less.  About  these  islands  are 
many  rocks,  also  very  dangerous  shallows,  some  two  leagues 
distant  from  the  main  land  on  the  south.  All  this  shore,  both 
north  and  south,  from  Tadoussac  to  the  Island  of  Orleans,  is 
mountainous,  and  the  soil  very  poor.  The  wood  b  pine,  fir, 
and  birch  only,  with  very  ugly  rocks,  so  that  in  most  places 
one  could  not  make  his  way. 

Now  we  passed  along  south  of  the  Island  of  Orleans,  which 
is  a  league  and  a  half  distant  from  the  main  land  and  half  a 
league  on  the  north  side,  being  six  leagues  in  length,  and  one 
in  breadth,  or  in  some  places  a  league  ano  a  half.  On  the 
north  side,  it  is  very  pleasant,  on  account  of  the  great  extent 
of  woods  and  meadows  there ;  but  it  is  very  dangerous  sailing, 
in  consequence  of  the  numerous  points  and  rocks  between 
the  main  land  and  island,  on  which  are  numerous  fine  oaks 
and  in  some  places  nut-trees,  and  on  the  borders  of  the  woods 
vines  and  other  trees  such  as  we  have  in  France.  This  place 
is  the  commencement  of  the  fine  and  fertile  country  of  the 
great  river,  and  is  distant  one  hundred  and  twenty  leagues 
from  Iti  mouth.  Off  the  end  of  the  island  is  a  torrent  of 
water  r,n  the  north  shore,  proceeding  from  a  lake  ten  leagues 
in  th'.;  interior :  t  it  comes  down  from  a  height  of  nearly  twenty- 

•/(Ir  d^OrUmnt.  Cntkf  diteovtnd  thU  Uaad  in  153$,  and  aaned  it  tin  Idnd  of 
BMchw,  bacaoM  he  law  viawgrowtag  thtre,  which  h«  hid  not  befora  mcb  in  Hm  ngioD. 
Ha  tayt,  "  Et  |iucill«Bcnt  y  troaawoMs  force  vinM,  c*  ^ue  o'niyooi  vca  jar  Kf  dwant 
k  toota  la  tafre,  A  par  ca  Ift  nomaManaa  I'ytia  da  Bacchn*."—  Br^f  RtcU  tli  Im  Nmvigmim 
Fmiu  *n  mdxxxv  .  par  Jacouca  Carttar,  D'Aveiac  cd.,  Patii.  1861.  pp.  14,  ij.  Tha  gnpe 
ioond  hare  waa  Drobably  the  rroal  Giapa,  Vili$  etrdfftiia.  The  "  kdaad  of  Orleana  "  aooo 
bccaoM  tha  fixed  Bama  of  thia  iaiaad.  Which  it  itlll  ralaiaa.  Ita  lodiaii  naioa  ia  laid  to  l»ve 
been  Mmirt  ~-  Vidi  laverdikTa'a  inlenaliBg  note.  (Ewrrtt  Si  Chaw^lmm,  toaM  iL  p.  14. 
Chanidam  a  eattmata  of  tlie  litt  of  tha  ialawi  ii  ncariv  accarala.  It  it,  accofdnc  to  tlie 
Adntralty  cfaarti,  aevaBlaaa  nanaa  nilaa  is  teaitli,  and  fou  ia  iia  graatait  width. 

t  Thia  ami  tha  river  Moataiotaney.  whlA  riaaa  in  Soow  Lain,  luae  fifty  mika  ia  tha  hi. 
terior,—  yidt  Chamnlain  a  refaraace  oa  hie  map  of  Quebec  and  na  envirooi.  He  gave  thb 
aame  to  tin  rivari  which  it  atill  retaioB,  ia  honor  of  Um  Admiral  Mootnecann,  to  whom  ha 
dedicated  hia  aotea  oa  the  vovaga  of  i6oj.  Vidi  LavtrdUr*,  itt  Ufj  aha  Climmtl»im,  od. 
i6}a  i  Chmrlrpnjft  LtUtn,  London,  1763,  p.  19.  The  followiag  ia  Jeaa  AUoaie'a  damp- 
tioaofthefallof  Mantmowacy;  "  When  thou  art  come  to  the  end  of  the  lale,  thou  ahall  Me 


a  gteat  River,  wiiich  falleth  fuleen  or  twcntv  fatliama  downe  from  a  rocka,  and  ankcth  a 
Mnibie  tnioft.''— HaUt^,  vol.  iiL  p.  193.  Tae  perpcndicalar  deacent  of  the  If  oataMtMKv 
atthafallaiaa^ofiat 


'W 


fer  little  wind  there 
full  tide.     At  this 

:e  we  proceeded  to 

TO  leasrues,  on  the 

J  low,  covered  wWh 
lows,  having  plenty 
age,  two  leagues  in 
[t  these  islands  are 

some  two  leagues 
lAlI  this  shore,  both 

'ind  of  Orleans,  is 
wood  is  pine,  fir, 

lat  in  most  places 

d  of  Orleans,  which 

ain  land  and  half  a 

in  length,  and  one 

101  a  half.     On  the 

of  the  great  extent 

y  dangerous  sailing, 

and  rocks  between 

numerous  fine  oaks 

wders  of  the  woods 

'"ranee.    This  place 

rtile  country  of  the 

and  twenty  leagues 

md  is  a  torrent  of 

a  lake  ten  leagues 

jht  of  nearly  twenty- 

■Bd  BUMd  h  th*  Iilaad  of 
t  befora  Men  ia  thil  ngioo. 

wU«n  name  fa  laid  to  have 

tttnalMt  width. 

ta  tBvfaooi.    H«  gn*  thiM 

ram  ■  rBclw,aMl  awkcth  a 
•"tut  of  tha  lioMMiwcy 


II 

five  fathoms,  above  which  the  land  is  level  and  pleasant,  al- 
though farther  inland  are  seen  high  mountains  appearing  to  be 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  leegues  distant. 

From  the  Island  of  Orleans  to  Quebec  the  distance  is  a 
league.  I  arrived  there  on  the  3d  of  July,  when  I  searched  for 
a  place  suitable  for  our  settlement ;  but  I  could  find  none  more 
convenient  or  better  situated  than  the  pomt  of  Quebec,  so 
called  by  the  savages,*  which  was  covered  with  nut-trees.  I  at 
once  employed  a  portion  of  our  workmen  in  cutting  them 
down,  that  we  might  construct  our  habitation  there :  one  I  set 
to  sawing  boards,  another  to  making  a  cellar  and  digging 
ditches,  another  I  sent  to  Tadoussac  with  the  barque  to  get 
supplies.  The  first  thing  we  made  was  the  storehouse  for 
keeping  under  cover  our  supplies,  which  was  promptly  accom- 
plished through  the  zeal  of  all,  and  my  attention  to  the  work. 

Some  days  after  my  arrival  at  Quebec  a  locksmith  con- 
spired against  the  ser/ice  of  the  king.  His  plan  was  to  put 
me  to  death,  and,  getting  possession  of  our  fort,  to  put  it  into 
the  hands  of  the  Basques  or  Spaniards,  then  at  Tadoussac, 
beyond  which  vessels  cannot  go,  from  not  having  a  knowledge 
of  the  route,  nor  of  the  banks  and  rocks  on  the  way. 

In  order  to  execute  his  wretched  plan,  by  which  he  hoped 
to  make  his  fortune,  he  suborned  four  of  the  worst  characters, 
as  he  supposed,  telling  them  a  thousand  falsehoods,  and  pr^ 
senting  to  them  prospects  of  acquiring  riches. 

These  four  men,  having  been  won  over,  all  promised  to  act 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  gain  the  rest  over  to  their  side,  so 
that,  for  the  time  being,  I  bad  no  one  with  me  in  whom  I  could 
put  confidence,  which  gave  them  atiU  more  hope  of  making 
their  plan  succeed;  lor  four  or  five  of  my  companions,  in 
whom  they  knew  that  I  put  confidence,  were  on  board  of 
the  barques,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  provisions  and 
supplies  necessary  for  our  settlement 

In   a  word,  they  were    so    skilful  in  carrying  out  their 


•Chaaqdatai  iMra  ptainly 
rirar  QmtK.    For  th|j 


to  aqr  that  tho  lodbaa  call  tiM  narrow  placa  In  tha 
of  tha  wmd,  vu.  ■amwiag  ol  waicn,  ia  tha  Aiaoaqom 

*  "■     •    thfa  view, 


lanmca,  the  aathoniy  fa  aboadaat.  Laverdikra  qaotcs,  a*  agneac  with  hiai  la  thfa  view, 
Bellaniet,  Feriaad,  and  LaacMbol  "The  aaffowiag  of  the  rhror,"  aay*  CharlovoU,  "aave 
It  the  aawe  el  Qntmm,  or  Qmttc,  which  la  the  ifftwaea fa  laagaue  Mcntfiia  nmlrmclitm. 
~he  Abaaaaafa.  whoaa  laa(«^p  fa  a  dfafact  of  the  AlgMiqriia,  adl  itQaalibei 

laetkfaf  ikat  n»."— C4arilr*MV>  LtUtrt,  pp.  tS,  ■«. 

rooiUcSoat  of  Qaebec,"  rsgarda  tha  word  at  Nonaafi 


l^lbcd  HawUm,  in  iifa  "  Hfalortcal 

01  fain,  which  In  tads  oa  a  laal  of 

'oBi!  twt  It  uqama  •"•^  "••■— 


charactmrtic  hiatorical  ficto'io  chaUenaa  oar  beifaf.'  Wt  ce  Ciutier  vialinl  Qaabec,  it  waa 
called  by  the  aativ**  Sladacoae  -^  VSU  CmrtwrU  Brmj  Rkit,  1145,  O'Avanc  ad.,  Awfa^ 
■86s,  p.  14- 


■,< 


A 


It 

intrigues  with  those  who  remained  that  they  were  on  the 

Clint  of  gaining  all  over  to  their  cause,  even  my  lackey,  prom* 
ing  them  manv  things  which  they  could  not  have  fulfilled. 

£ing  now  all  agreed,  they  made  daily  different  plans  as  to 
how  they  should  put  me  to  death,  so  as  not  to  be  accused  of 
it,  which  they  found  to  be  a  dift  'It  thing.  Bui  the  devil, 
blindfolding  them  all  and  taking  awii  their  reawn  and  every 
possible  difficulty,  they  determined  to  take  me  while  unarmed, 
and  strangle  me,  or  to  give  a  false  alarm  at  night,  and  shoot 
me  as  I  went  out,  in  which  manner  they  iu^ed  that  they 
would  accomplish  their  work  sooner  than  otherwise.  They 
made  a  mutual  promise  not  to  betray  each  other,  on  penal^ 
that  the  first  one  who  opened  his  mouth  should  be  poniarded. 
They  were  to  execute  their  plan  In  four  days,  before  the  arrival 
of  our  barques,  otherwise  they  would  have  been  unable  to  carry 
out  their  scheme. 

On  this  very  day  one  of  our  barques  arrived,  with  our  pilot, 
Captain  Testu,  a  very  discreet  man.  After  the  barque  was  un- 
loaded, and  ready  to  return  to  Tadoussac,  there  came  to  him 
a  locksmith,  named  Natel,  an  associate  of  Jean  du  Val,  the 
head  of  the  conspiracy,  who  told  him  that  he  bad  promised 
the  rest  to  do  just  as  they  did,  but  that  he  did  not  in  fact  J 
desire  the  executirn  of  the  plot,  yet  did  not  dare  to  make  a  dis-  ^ 
closure  in  regard  to  it  from  fear  of  being  poniarded. 

Antoine  Natel  made  the  pilot  promise  that  he  would  make 
no  disclosure  in  regard  to  what  he  should  say,  since,  if  bis 
companions  should  discover  it,  they  would  put  him  to  death. 
Hie  pilot  gave  him  his  assurance  m  all  particulars,  and  asked 
him  to  state  the  character  of  the  plot  which  they  wished  to 
carry  out  This  Natel  did  at  length,  when  the  pilot  said  to 
him :  "  My  friend,  you  have  done  well  to  disclose  such  a  ma- 
licious design,  and  you  show  that  you  are  an  upright  man,  and 
under  the  guidance  of  the  Holy  Spirit  But  these  things 
cannot  be  passed  by  without  bringing  them  to  the  knowledge 
of  Sieur  de  Champlain,  that  he  may  make  provision  against 
them;  and  I  promise  you  that  I  will  prevail  upon  him  to 
pardon  you  and  the  rest  And  I  will  at  once,"  said  tlw  pilot, 
"go  to  him  without  exciting  any  suspicion;  and  do  you  go 
a^ut  your  business,  listening  to  all  they  may  say,  and  not 
troubling  yourself  about  the  rest." 

The  pilot  came  at  once  to  me,  in  a  garden  which  I  was 
having  prepared,  and  said  that  he  wished  to  speak  to  me  in  a 


ey  were  on  the 

my  lackey,  prom. 

lave  fuifilliBd. 

erent  plans  as  to 

be  accused  of 

But  the  devil, 

eason  and  every 

e  while  unarmed, 

niaht,  and  shoot 

iu^ed  that  they 

>therwise.    They 

nher,  on  penalhr 

Id  be  poniarded. 

before  the  arrival 

n  unable  to  carry 

1,  with  our  pilot, 
e  barque  was  un- 
ere  came  to  him 
ean  du  Val,  the 
le  bad  promised 
did  not  in  fact 
Te  to  malte  a  dis* 
irded. 

I  he  would  make 
say,  since,  if  his 
ut  him  to  death. 
:ulars,  and  asked 
h  they  wished  to 
the  pilot  said  to 
:lose  such  a  ma- 
upright  man,  and 
But  these  things 
o  the  knowledge 
provision  against 
lil  upon  him  to 
,"  said  the  pilot, 
fcnd  do  you  go 
ay  say,  and  not 

len  which  I  was 
peak  to  me  in  a 


IS 

private  place,  where  we  could  be  alone.  I  readily  assented, 
and  we  went  into  the  wood,  where  he  related  to  me  the  whole 
affair.  I  asked  who  had  told  it  to  him.  He  b^ged  me  to 
pardon  him  who  had  made  tlie  disclosure,  which  I  consented 
to  do,  although  he  ought  to  have  addressed  himself  to  me. 
He  was  afraid,  he  replied,  that  you  would  become  angry,  and 
harm  him.  I  told  him  that  I  was  able  to  govern  myself 
better  than  that  in  such  a  matter,  and  desired  him  to  luve 
the  man  come  to  me,  that  I  might  hear  his  statement.  He 
went,  and  brought  him  all  trembling  with  fear  lest  I  should 
do  him  some  harm.  I  reassured  him,  telling  him  not  to  he 
afraid,  that  he  was  in  a  place  of  safety,  and  that  I  should 
pardon  him  for  all  that  he  had  done,  together  with  the  others, 
provided  he  would  tell  me  in  full  the  truth  in  regard  to  the 
whole  iuatter,  and  the  motive  wbiich  had  impelled  them  to  it 
"Nothing,"  he  said,  "had  impelled  them,  except  that  they 
had  imagined  that,  by  giving  up  the  place  into  the  hands  of 
the  Basques  or  Spaniards,  they  might  all  become  rich,  and 
that  they  did  not  want  to  go  back  to  France."  He  also 
related  to  me  the  remaining  particulars  in  regard  to  their 
conspiracy. 

After  having  heard  and  questioned  him,  I  directed  him  to 
go  about  his  work.  Meanwhile  I  ordered  the  pilot  to  bring 
up  his  shallop^  which  he  did.  Then  I  gave  two  bottles  of 
wine  to  a  young  man,  directing  him  to  say  to  these  four 
worthies,  the  leaders  of  the  conspiracy,  that  it  was  a  present 
of  wine,  which  his  friends  at  Tadoussac  had  given  him,  and 
that  he  wished  to  share  it  with  them.  This  they  did  not 
decline,  and  at  evening  were  on  board  the  barque  where  he 
was  to  give  them  the  entertainment  I  lost  no  time  in  going 
there  shortly  after,  and  caused  them  to  be  seised  and  held 
until  the  next  day. 

Then  were  my  worthies  astonished  indeed     I  at  once  had 

all  get  up,  for  It  was  about  ten  o'clock  in  the  evening,  and 

.  pardoned  diem  all  on  condition  that  they  would  disclose  to  me 

*  the  truth  in  regard  to  all  that  had  occurred,  which  they  did, 

when  I  had  thun  retire. 

Tlie  next  day  I  took  the  depositions  of  all,  one  after  the 
other,  in  the  presence  of  the  pilot  and  sailors  of  the  vessel, 
which  I  had  put  down  in  writing ;  and  they  were  well  pleased, 
as  they  said,  since  they  had  lived  only  in  fear  of  each  other, 
especially  of  the  four  knaves  who  had  ensnared  them.     But 


14 

now  they  lived  in  peace,  satisfied,  as  they  declared,  with 
treatment  which  they  had  received. 
The  same  day  I  had  six  pairs  of  handcuffs  made  for  the 
\:  authors  of  the  conspiracy :  one  for  our  surgeon,  named  Bon- 

nerme,  one  for  another,  named  La  Taille,  whom  the  four  con- 
^  spirators  had  accused,  which,  however,  proved  false,  and  cons^ 

I  quently  they  were  given  their  liberty. 

< :  This  being  done,  I  took  my  worthies  to  Tadoussac,  begging 

ti  Pont  Grav^  to  do  me  the  favor  of  guarding  them,  since  1  had 

1^  as  yet  no  secure  place  for  keeping  them,  and  as  we  were 

'^i:  occupied  in  constructing  our  places  of  abode.     Another  object 

was  to  consult  with  him,  and  others  on  the  ship,  as  to  what 

should  be  done  in  the  premises.     We  suggested  that,  after  he 

had  finished  his  work  at  Tadoussac,  he  should  come  to  Quebec 

with  the  prisoners,  where  we  should  have  them  confronted  with 

their  witnesses,  and,  after  giving  them  a  hearing,  order  justice 

|>  to  be  done  according  to  the  offence  which  they  had  committed. 

I  went  back  the  next  day  to  Quebec,  to  hasten  the  com- 

(;  pletion  of  our  storehouse,  so  as  to  secure  our  provisions, 

t  which  had  been  misused  by  all  those  scoundrels,  who  spared    I 

i  nothing,  without  reflecting  how  they  could  find  more  when    1 

I  these  failed;  for  I  could  not  obviate  the  diificulty  until  the 

storehouse  should  be  completed  and  shut  up. 

Pont  Grav^  arrived  some  time  after  me,  with  the  prisoners, 
which  caused  uneasiness  to  the  workmen  who-  remained,  since 
they  feared  that  I  should  pardon  them,  and  that  they  would 
avenge  themselves  upon  them  for  reveaUng  their  wicked 
design. 

We  had  them   brought   face  to  face^  and  they  affirmed 
before  them  all  which  they  had  stated  in  their  depositions,  the 
<i;  prisoners  not  denying  it,  but  admitting  that  they  had  acted 

in  a  wicked  manner,  and  should  be  punished,  unless  mercy 
might  be  exercised  towards  them;  accusing,  above  all,  Jean 
du  Val,  who  had  been  trying  to  lead  them  into  such  a  cx>n- 
spiracy  from  the  time  of  their  departure  from  France.  Du 
Val  knew  not  what  to  say,  except  that  he  deserved  death, 
that  all  stated  in  the  depositions  ivas  true,  and  that  he  begged  . 
for  mercy  upon  himself  and  the  others,  who  had  given  in  their  , ) 
adherence  to  his  pernicious  purposes. 

After  Pont  Grav^  and  I,  the  captain  of  the  ve8s«^  sui^eon, 
mate,  second  mate,  and  other  sailors  had  heard  their  deposi- 
tions  and  face  to  face  statements,  we  adjudged  that  it  would 


Ideclared,  with  the 

|iffa  made  for  the 
teon,  named  Bon- 
l^om  the  four  con- 
1  falac,  and  conse- 

[adouasac,  begging 
them,  since  I  had 

and  as  we  were 
Another  object 

ship,  as  to  what 
ited  that,  after  he 
d  come  to  Quebec 
m  confronted  with 
>ring,  order  justice 
!y  had  committed. 

hasten  the  com- 

our  provisions, 
drels,  who  spared 

find  more  when 
lifBculty  until  the 

"th  the  prisoners, 
lO-  remabed,  since 
d  that  they  would 
ing    their  wicked 


tnd  they  affirmed 
ir  depositions,  the 
at  they  had  acted 
led,  unless  mercy 
:,  above  all,  Jean 
into  such  a  con- 
'om  France.  Du 
I  deserved  death, 
i  that  he  begged 
had  given  in  their 

B  ve8s«d,  surgeon, 
sard  their  d^x>si- 
ed  that  it  would 


bo  enough  to  put  to  death  Du  Val,  as  the  instigator  of  the 
conspiracy ;  and  that  he  might  serve  A  an  example  to  those 
who  remained,  leading  them  to  deport  themselves  correctly 
in  future,  in  the  discharge  of  their  duty ;  and  that  the  Span- 
iards and  Basques,  of  whom  there  were  large  numbers  in  the 
country,  might  not  glory  in  the  event  We  adjudged  that 
the  three  others  be  condemned  to  be  hung,  but  that  they 
should  be  taken  to  France  and  put  into  the  luinds  of  Sieur 
de  Monts,  that  such  ample  justice  might  be  done  them  as  he 
should  recommend ;  that  th«y  should  be  sent  with  all  the  evi- 
dence and  their  sentence,  as  well  as  that  of  Jean  du  Val,  who 
was  strangled  and  hung  at  Quebec,  and  his  head  was  put  on 
the  end  (S  a  pike,  to  be  set  up  in  the  most  conspicuous  place 
on  our  fort 

After  all  these  occurrences,  Pont  Grav^  set  out  from  Quebec, 
on  the  iSUi  of  September,  to  return  to  France  with  the  three 
prisoners.  After  he  had  gone,  all  who  remained  conducted 
themselves  correctly  in  the  discharge  of  th*ir  duty. 

I  had  tlie  work  on  our  quarters  a.^tinued,  which  was 
composed  of  three  buildings  of  two  stories.  Each  one  was 
three  fathoms  long,  and  two  and  a  half  wide.  The  store- 
house was  sis  fathoms  long  and  three  wide,  with  a  fine  cellar 
six  feet  deep.  I  had  a  gallery  made  all  around  our  buildings, 
on  the  outside,  at  the  second  story,  which  proved  very  con- 
venient There  were  also  ditches,  fifteen  feet  wide  and  six 
deep.  On  the  outer  side  of  the  ditches  I  constructed  several 
spurs,  which  enclc»ed  a  part  of  the  dwelling,  at  the  points 
where  we  placed  our  cannon.  Before  the  habitation  there  is 
a  place  four  fathoms  wide  and  six  or  seven  long,  looking  out 
upon  the  river-bank.  Surrounding  the  habiution-  are  very 
good  gardens,  and  a  place  on  the  north  side  some  hundred  or 
hundred  and  twenty  paces  long  and  fifty  or  sixty  wide.  More- 
over, near  Quebec,  there  is  a  little  river,  coming  from  a  lake 
in  the  interior,*  distant  six  or  seven  leagues  from  our  settle- 

•TIm  iWw  St  CharlM  *em%  boa  ■  Um  tai  tb*  iDttrior  of  tb*  HdM  mm.  ,  It  wm 
calM  byth*  MoatHMis,acoeidiatloS«Md  as  dttd  fay  UvwdMnk  «•  jm*,  "ChUnom- 
btt,bKaaM  it  tnmndlanw  WMial  poMt"  Cwttar  auMd  It  tlM  HatyCi«M,M  Si. 
Ciois,  becMM,  ha  twf,  h*  uitwd  lb«n  ■' Uul  day  " ;  that  I*,  Um  dn  oa  which  iha  eialutioa 
■     -  ■  •        •   -"       •"    '"-   -"^  "  '   CMarr,  Hakinrt,««LUi. 

'  of  PCBlolai. 
oith  dMft  ot 


I  food  as  pomMf 


. 


i6 

ment  I  am  of  opinion  that  this  river,  which  is  north  a  quanet 
north-west  from  our  settlement,  is  the  place  where  Jacques 
Cartier  wintered,*  since  there  are  still,  a  league  up  the  river, 
remains  of  what  seems  to  have  been  a  chimney,  the  founda- 
tion of  which  has  been  found,  and  indications  of  there  hav- 
ing been  ditches  surrounding  their  dwelling,  which  was 
small.  We  found,  also,  large  pieces  of  hew&,  worm-eaten 
timber,  and  some  three  or  four  cannon-balls.  All  these 
things  show  clearly  that  there  was  a  settlement  there  founded 
by  Christians ;  and  what  leads  me  to  say  and  believe  that  it 
was  that  of  Jacques  Cartier  is  the  fact  that  there  is  no  evi- 
dence whatever  that  any  one  wintered  and  built  a  house  in 
these  places  except  Jacques  Cartier,  at  the  time  of  his  discov- 
eries. This  place,  as  I  think,  must  have  been  odled  St. 
Croix,  as  he  named  it;  which  name  has  since  been  trans- 
ferred u>  another  place  fifteen  leagues  west  of  our  settlement. 
But  there  is  no  evidence  of  his  having  wintered  in  the  place 
now  called  St  CroU,  nor  in  any  other  there,  since  in  this 
direction  there  is  no  river  or  other  place  large  enough  for 
vessels  except  the  main  river  or  that  of  which  I  spoke  above ; 
here  there  is  half  a  fathom  of  water  at  low  tide,  manv  rocks, 
and  a  bank  at  the  mouth ;  for  vessels,  if  kept  in  the  main  river, 
where  there  are  strong  currents  and  tides,  and  ice  in  the  win- 
ter, drifting  along,  would  run  the  risk  o  being  lost ;  especially 
as  there  is  a  sandy  point  extending  uut  into  the  river,  and 
filled  with  rocks,  between  which  we  have  found,  within  the 
last  three  years,  a  passage  not  before  discovered;  but  one 
must  go  through  cautiously,  in  consequence  of  the  dangerous 
points  there.  This  place  is  exposed  to  the  northwest  winds; 
and  the  river  runs  as  if  it  were  a  fall,  the  tide  ebbing  two  and 
a  half  fathoms.  There  are  no  signs  of  buildings  here,  nor 
any  indications  that  a  man  of  judgment  would  settle  in  ibis 
place,  there  being  many  other  better  ones,  in  case  one  were 
obliged  to  make  a  permanent  stay.  I  have  been  desirous  of 
speaking  at  length  on  this  point,  since  many  believe  that  the 
abode  of  Jacques  Cartier  was  here,  which  I  do  not  believe, 
for  the  reasons  here  given;  for  Cartier  would  have  left  to 


eortno  ncn  «•  took  ia  our  6nt 


Jt7V'l>^*li**J*«4MiC*rtiwiriaicf«dwuMthe|uBciion«f  Ihtfhrnljdiwaiidtte 
SLCmfIw. 


s  north  a  quanet 
e  where  Jacques 
ue  up  the  river, 
iney,  the  founda- 
ns  of  there  hav- 
ing,  which    was 
!wn,   worm-eaten 
Alls.      All  these 
>t  there  founded 
d  believe  that  it 
there  is  no  evi- 
>uilt  a  house  in 
e  of  his  discov- 
been  called  St 
nee  been  trans- 
our  settlement, 
red  in  the  place 
re,  since  in  this 
^(ge  enough  for 
1 1  spoke  above; 
tide,  manv  rocks, 
n  the  mun  river, 
d  ice  in  the  wtn- 
flost;  especially 
0  the  river,  and 
>und,  within  the 
vered;   but  one 
if  the  dangerous 
orth-west  winds; 
ebbing  two  and 
Idings  here,  nor 
lid  settle  in  this 
case  one  were 
een  desirous  of 
iMlieve  that  the 
do  not  believe. 
Id  have  left  to 

ajly  wfctefc  toim>  to- 
M  «•  Mid  bafon?^ 


ihf  ihwrLairMaadtlM 


posterity  a  narrative  of  the  matter,  as  he  did  in  the  case  of 
all  he  saw  and  discovered ;  and  I  maintain  that  my  opbion 
is  the  true  one,  as  can  be  shown  by  the  history  which 
he  has  left  in  writing. 

As  still  further  pro^  that  this  place  now  called  St.  Croix  is 
not  the  place  where  Jacques  Cartier  wintered,  as  most  persons 
think,  this  b  what  he  says  about  it  in  his  discoveries,  taken 
from  his  history;  nantely,  that  he  arrived  at  the  Isle  aux 
Coudreson  the  sth  of  December,*  153S1  which  he  oUled  by 
this  name,  as  hazel-nuts  were  found  there.  There  is  a  strong 
tidal  current  in  this  place ;  and  he  says  that  it  is  three  leagues 
long,  but  it  is  quite  enough  to  reckon  a  league  and  a  half. 
On  the  7  th  of  the  month,  Notre  Dame  Day.f  he  set  out 
from  this  island  to  go  up  the  river,  in  which  he  saw  fourteen 
islands,  distant  seven  or  eight  leagues  from  Isle  aux  Coudres 
on  the  south.  He  errs  somewhat  in  this  estimation,  for  it 
is  not  more  than  three  leagues.  I  He  also  says  that  the 
place  where  the  islands  are  is  the  commencement  of  the  land 
or  province  of  Canada,  and  that  he  reached  an  bland  ten 
leagues  long  and  five  wide,  where  extensive  fisheries  are  car- 
ried on,  fish  being  here,  in  fact,  very  abundant,  especially  the 
sturgeon.  But  its  length  is  not  more  than  six  leagues,  and  its 
breadth  two, —  a  fact  well  recognized  now.  He  says  also  that 
he  anchored  between  this  island  and  the  main  land  on  the 
north,  the  smallest  passage,  and  a  dangerous  one,  where  he 
landed  two  savages  whom  he  had  taken  to  France,  and  that, 
after  stopping  in  this  place  some  time  with  the  people  of  the 
country,  he  sent  for  hb  barques  and  went  farther  up  the  river 
with  the  tide,  seeking  a  harbor  and  place  of  security  for  his 
ships.  He  says,  farther,  that  they  went  on  up  the  river, 
coasting  along  tiib  island,  the  length  of  which  he  estimates  at 
ten  leagues ;  and  after  it  was  passed  they  found  a  very  fine 
and  pleasant  bay,  containing  a  little  river  and  bar  harbor, 
which  they  found  very  favorable  for  sheltering  their  vesseb. 

•Outltr  diMavcrad  Um  Ilk  of  CoodrMk  that  la,  tha  bU  of  UbMto  or  hMatMMi,  M 
e«b  tt  Stftumht.  IS15  —  ^tf*  CarHir,  lui.  IVAvMK  ad.,  Paii%  ilS},  b.  la.  TUi  U 
it  fiva  oaoikil  mttaaloiv,  which  agnaa  wUE  tha  atataoMat  of  Champlaia,  and  ila  gm 
width  ia  two  milaa  and  a  quaitar. 

■  Notfa  Dana  Eva."  Caitiar 
—/dtm,  p  la.  HaUofl 
-Vol.iU.p  a6s. 

hi^MT  ap  tha  il*«r;  bat, 


t  KoHb  Dama  Day,  imr  dt  n—trt  4ami,  ahoald  f«ad  "  Not* 
aan.  '  Lt  mtlmmi  mmr  dadkt  mefi  <M<r  mtilr*  4mim,"  ate.— 
MMMsit,  "  Tha  aaaaathflf  Ilia  nooatnbaiai  oar  Ladaaaauan."—V 

t  Aa  Chaamlafai  iinMaiH,  thaaa  ialaada  i 
aatharaioae  Uia  oppoSta  aida,  tbay  coald 
ai|hl  Hasnaa,  a*  Caitlcr  aiHmataa 


ara  oahrtlm 
baci 


ir. 


raP5?!r5r'  'T-r-r ■  i-4i't>M!pi 


i8 

This  they  named  St.  Croix,  since  he  arrived  there  on  this  day; 
and  at  the  time  of  the  voyage  of  Cartier  the  place  was  called 
Stadaca,*  but  we  now  call  it  Quebec.  He  says,  also,  that  after 
he  had  examined  this  place  he  returned  to  get  his  vessels  for 
passing  the  winter  there. 

Now  we  may  conclude,  accordingly,  that  the  distance  is 
only  five  leagues  from  the  Isle  aux  Coudres  to  the  Isle  of 
Orleans,t  at  the  western  extremity  of  which  the  river  is  very  O 
broad ;  and  at  which  bay,  as  Cartier  calls  it,  there  is  no  other 
river  than  that  which  he  called  St.  Croix,  a  good  league 
distant  from  the  Isle  of  Orleans,  in  which,  at  low  tide,  there 
is  only  half  a  fathom  of  water.  It  is  very  dangerous  for 
vessels  at  its  mouth,  there  being  a  large  number  of  spurs; 
that  is,  rocks  scattered  here  and  there.  It  is  accordingly 
necessary  to  place  buoys  in  order  to  enter,  there  being,  as  I 
have  stated,  three  fathoms  of  water  at  ordinary  tides,  and 
four  fathoms,  or  four  and  a  half  generally,  at  the  great  tides 
at  full  flood.  It  is  only  fifteen  hundred  paces  from  our 
habitation,  which  is  higher  up  the  river;  and,  as  I  have 
stated,  there  is  no  other  river  up  to  the  place  now  called  St. 
Croix  where  vessels  can  lie,  there  being  only  little  brooks. 
The  shores  are  flat  and  dangerous,  which  Cartier  does  not 
mention  until  the  time  that  he  sets  out  from  St.  Croix,  now 
called  Quebec,  where  he  left  his  vessels,  and  built  his  place  of 
abode,  as  is  seen  from  what  follows. 

On  the  19th  of  September  he  set  out  from  St.  Croix, 
where  his  vessels  were,  setting  sail  with  the  tide  up  the  river, 
which  they  found  very  pleasant,  as  well  on  account  of  the 
woods,  vines,  and  dwellings,  which  were  there  in  his  time,  as 
for  other  reasons.  They  cast  anchor  twenty-five  leagues 
from  the  entrance  to  the  land  of  Canada ;  t  that  is,  at  the 

•This  wu  an  tnor  In  tnaKribing,  Cartier  ha«  SlxbcooM.  f'idt  Britf  Kttil,  icji, 
D'Avenc  wJ.,  p.  14.  -»  » 

tTh*  diitaiica,  acconUog  to  Luiri«'«  Chut,  is  at  least  tweiit3r>«iz  naolical  mUes. 

tCani^  at  this  time  was  ranrdcd  by  the  Indians  as  a  limited  territonr,  altualed  st  or 
Bboal  Queliec.  Tlits  statement  is  confirmed  by  the  lettimooy  ol  Cartier,  thus  translated  br 
Hakluyt :  "  Donnacona  their  Lord  desired  our  Captaine  the  next  day  to  come  and  see  Canada, 
which  he  promised  to  doe :  (or  the  next  day  being  the  13  of  the  mooeth,  ha  with  all  hU 
Gentlemen  and  the  fiftie  Mariners  very  well  appointed,  went  to  visits  Donaacon*  and  hit 
people,  about  a  league  from  our  shipe." 

Their  ships  were  at  this  lime  at  St.  Croii,  a  short  dUlancc  up  the  St  Charles,  which  Hows 
into  the  St  Lawrence  at  Qoebec;  and  the  little  Indian  village,  or  camp,  which  Douacooa 
called  Canada,  was  at  Quebec.  Other  paiaues  from  Cartier,  as  well  as  from  Teas  Alfoou, 
harmonise  with  this  which  we  have  cited.  Canada  was  therefore  in  Caitier's  time  only  the 
name  of  a  very  small  territory  covered  by  an  Indian  vilUge.  When  it  jccame  the  ccnin  of 
French  interests,  it  assumed  a  wider  meaning.  The  St.  Lawrence  was  iftcn  calUd  the  River 
of  Canada,  then  the  territory  on  its  shores.  Mid  finally  Canada  haa  come  to  compnbcnd  the 
vast  British  poaaeetiaai  in  Amtrtai  knowr,  IS  the  "  Dominioa  of  Canada." 


thereon  this  day; 
place  was  called 
ays,  also,  that  after 
get  his  vessels  for 

It  the  distance  is 

es  to  the  Isle  of 
the  river  is  very 

there  is  no  other 
'  good   league 

at  low  tide,  there 
ery  dangerous  for 

number  of  spurs; 

It  is  accordingly 

there  being,  as  I 
rdinary  tides,  and 
at  the  great  tides 

paces  from  our 
and,  as  I  have 
ce  now  called  St. 
anly  little  brooks. 

Cartier  does  not 
oin  St.  Croix,  now 
built  his  place  of 

from  St.  Croix, 
tide  up  the  river, 
on  account  of  the 
re  in  his  time,  as 
venty-five  leagues 
i  t  that  is,  at  the 

yy*  Bri^KStU,  i5«. 

tenantiedmUcs. 

od  tenitorjr,  ritualed  at  or 
Cartier,  thui  tranaUtad  by 
y  to  come  and  aea  Canada, 
•.  "onjjh.  ha  with  all  hU 
viaita  Doanacona  and  hi« 

lieStCharlea,iHjfch(fc>w» 
camR  which  Dooaacoiu 
ill  aa  from  Jeaa  AUome, 
In  Caitier>a  time  only  the 
1  ««  Jccame  the  centre  of 
ns  <{ien  called  the  River 
come  to  coaqmbead  the 


vestem  extremity  of  the  Isle  of  Orleans,  so  called  by  Cartier. 
«\  hat  is  now  called  St.  Croix  was  then  called  Achelacy,  at  a 
.arrow  pass  where  the  river  is  very  swift  and  dangerous  on 
account  of  the  rocks  and  other  things,  and  which  can  only 
be  passed  at  flood-tide.  Its  distance  from  Quebec  and  the 
river  where  Cartier  wintered  is  fifteen  leagues. 

Now,  throughout  the  entire  extent  of  this  river,  from 
Quebec  to  the  great  fall,  there  are  no  narrows  except  at  the 
])lace  now  called  St.  Croix,  the  name  of  which  has  been 
transferred  from  one  place  to  another  one,  which  is  very  dan* 
gerous,  as  my  description  shows.  And  it  is  very  apparent, 
from  his  narrative,  that  this  was  not  the  site  of  his  habitation, 
as  is  claimed,  but  that  the  latter  was  near  Quebec,  and  that 
no  one  had  entered  into  a  special  investigation  of  this  matter 
before  my  doing  so  in  my  voyages.  For  the  first  time  I  was 
told  that  he  dwelt  in  this  place,  I  was  greatly  astonished,  find* 
ing  no  trace  of  a  river  for  vessels,  as  he  states  there  was. 
This  led  me  to  make  a  careful  examination,  in  order  to 
remove  the  suspicion  and  doubt  of  many  persons  in  rqpurd 
to  the  matter.* 


The  flnt  eiplcnr  ol  the  American  coaM  in  tin.  ^.«vice  of  France  waa  the  Floraatlne  Va». 
raitaao,  in  1514.  Hla  account  of  hia  voyaca  la  Kivcn  in  Old  South  Leaflet  Na  17.  Thia 
account  ii  the  Mibject  ol  much  conlroveny;  dm,  Ifitialoberclwd  on,  Verratiano  exptond 
ihe  coaal  from  a  pomt  a  little  nouth  of  Cape  Hatlerai,  northward  aa  far  aa  Newfoundland,  at 
Tariooa  polata  peiietraUng  aeveral  leaguea  Into  the  coumrv.  Ten  yeara  later,  in  lu^i  rama 
Jacque*  Cartier.  He  ataiared  lor  Newfoundland,  and,  bclievinii  tlul  he  waa  on  tna  way  to 
Cathay,  advanced  up  the  St.  Lawrence  till  Ite  aaw  the  thtirea  of  Anticoaii,  when,  th« 
aiitumiuil  atomia  gathering,  he  returned  to  France.  The  neil  year  he  came  agam,  with  thra* 
veaaeh.  He  gave  the  name  of  St.  Lawrence  to  a  email  bay  oppoaiia  the  ialand  ii  Antlcaatl, 
a  name  aflarwanla  extended  to  the  entire  gulf  and  to  the  peat  river  above.  Cartier  calla  tba 
river  the  "  River  of  Hochclaga,"  or  "  the  great  river  ol  Cat.  %da."  He  confinca  the  name  ol 
Canada  to  a  diatrict  extending  from  the  Itle  aux  Coudree  in  the  St  Lawrence  lo'a  point  aoma 
dialaaca  above  the  eita  of  Quabcc.  The  country  below,  he  aay*.  waa  called  by  the  Indiana 
Sagnenay,  and  that  above  Hochelaga.  He  vialled  the  aite  of  Quebec,  and  aKendad  the 
river  to  a  place  which  ha  called  Mont  Rtfol,  Montreal.  He  wintered  at  Sudacon<  (Quebecl 
and  tba  next  aummer  letamed  to  France.  He  came  again  in  1541 ;  and  Koberval  came,  and 
La  Roche,  and  otheiB.    It  waa  In  ife]  that  Champlau  firat  appeared  upon  the  acane. 

Samuel  de  Cbamplain  waa  bom  in  1S67  at  the  email  leaport  of  Brouage,  on  the  Bay  ol 
Btacay.  Hla  father  waa  a  caplam  in  the  royal  navy,  whate  ha  himaelf  icema  alao  to  bav* 
•erved;  and  he  had  fought  for  Henry  IV  in  Brittany  He  alao  went  to  the  Wcet  Indiea  la 
'  the  aervica  of  Ihe  king;  and  hia  roanuacrlpt  account,  with  over  aiity  crude  cilored  pictma^ 
•till  exiala.  Ha  came  to  Canada  in  i6oj  with  Pontcrav^,  penclntlng  aa  tar  aa  Moatteal.  la 
1604  be  came  with  De  Monte,  exploring  the  Nova  Scotia  coaat,  andeatabliahing  a  aettlimaat 
on  aa  iaial  which  they  named  St  Croix,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  now  bearing  that  name. 
•  MoBtai""- ■-•-•  -J  -«.  '^--    •-•.—   •.—  ■ 


The  next  apring  D*  ' 


1  and  CbamplMn,  leaving  St  Ootx  In  a  little  bark  with  twenty 


•The  locality  of  Caitier'a  winter^qoartera  la  eelabUahed  by  Cbamplain  with  the  cetuialy 
of  an  biatorlcal  demooatration,  and  )«t  there  are  to  be  found  thow  whote  judgment  la  ao 
warped  by  preconceived  opinion  thxt  they  resml  the  overwhelming  tcttimony  which  he  bringa 
to  bear  upon  the  aubject.  Charlevoix  makes  the  SL  Croix  of  Cartier  the  Rtvitre  de  Jaonra 
Carttaf.—  VUi  Shtdi  Charln*t*,  vcl  L  >  iiA. 


JO 


ImniiIm  N*wBmIm4  MMtM  Ivm  NmmM  HaAor,  m< 

—- 1.^ j^-^.i„  ■ -.^-  ■'■,^,,1-,-   nuiiki    ,^_.,  _w,M-aHr 

Uw  JM—I  pwht  ol  Uw  Wlitu  Ma»»W%  pirtWg  flit  TiCii  ol  aw3»>Jcip»Aiir2 
BfTf  ■</**«  llM  MM  fll  RivAf*  da  QmM  to  •  l<««r  JmHmt  iMo  I 
UMMfiUa  dMcrtbw  Um  UMMb  ol  Mm  Hmbm  MM«8t4«« 


pliMClMfln. 


.  MMl  Ml*  tiMy  «tra  MMl  by  jraal  nmlMn  of  cmom  AM  «Wi 
!•*»  "S^..  l!*^  AlUtjo*  airtf  HMW*rt  BmcIi,  aad  took  iktlMr  la  Pari  • 

MMMT  OMmptota  cwM  doM  Iha  MMl  aiaia.  ikB  ibM  a*  lar  m  iHa  atgiboHiaad  •!  H«ZI 

la  laot  Ckaanlala  ca«M  Iroai  f  imm*  Mm  tMid  tim*.  now  wtlh  Iti*  diMiacI  aanoM  M 
Mlablhlilaaa  MtikiMnt  oa  tha  St  Uwiwm  ■■  a  otnln  ol  o|i«wtiiio  lor  Um  ^wch  bl 
CMOd*.    TlMlM»iia|oiQatbKlollofMdrwdMallodial)iop^^  naMarycMl 

ba  lolbMiod  latthariakb  accooa.  ol  his  "  Vonyot,"  Iroai  «MHi  Ibk  oitrad  ta  lakaik  Wul  I 
UMMotjrolhianpiontiaaiandadviatanalaCiiaMla  lortht  aoxl  qaaftir  «(  a  caatan.  hhl 
dtacavonrol  Uka  Oiamplala.  hit  ladlaa  wwo,  hl»  dtacmorr  ol  LaST HaM.  hbWmlidal 
alQatbaelalba  laflUb  la  1614,  hk  vWl  to  Uadoa  asd  iIm  mloialloa  ol  "rnnfc  to  itol 
'  rtaachcimm.  aad  kh  doath  in  i6]i  la  Quobtc  which  bt  hMi  ioaadwi,  tho  MadiM  ol  hbtanl 
tafuiUiar.    No  BMa  did  mora  to  plaal  and  spnad  Iho  powor  ol  Franco  la  Aanika.  I 

Cbaaiplaia't  bodu,  ion  Pukmaa,  "  mark  Iko  aian,— all  lor  bli  thmno  aad  hki  aarMMi  I 
Ma^lorhUaaaU.    CriKfe  in  lyh,  hill  ol  Iho  laiNtddal  orron  ol  r-  -'iiiin  i  aaSlunto 

"■■*'■■*  '   MM 


maiydiJiBoo,  oAoa  briol  lo  a  lJal^  ihoy  boar  on  tvory  puo  ibo  palpable  laprMa  al  Italh!' 
}^iS.?7L??*..!7?."lt!!  if.^.T*'?*^..''"!.''!!^'}?'.*^  .^^I!!!^>  acnMaU  of  Ma  «ar|gBi| 

aadhb 


Voyajfa."byChiri«>  IVMMio)roiii,inib.,  with  bMorkalllbMlntlaa*,  aad  a 


Rav. 
awrk 

afaU 


InNB  Iho  acoooai  ol  Iba  voyaga  ol  i«a*,  fai  tho  Mooad  vob 

of  Qatboc,  aivni  hi  iho  proMnt  loallM,  iatohoa 

^llr.  Slanoriaabotho  aalbor  ol  dw  tno  chaptor  apoa 


OWcal  HiMaqrol  Amorica,"  vol.  U.t  aad  tho  ipociaf 
•M  tho  ooarcoo  of  farfarmalioa,  apBoadod  to  thai  chaa 


Chaanlalai  la  Iho 


■tadoalltfolorrod  tobte  cfkkal  OHoy 


addckaidMaolChaiBplafai'ollltaadwark.    Tha  Old  foolh  Uclwao  lor  iIIb,  aad 
J*  !!^'*!f'«*  ^  'T^*'  »*"  ""^r  dwotod  to  M£|ocit  to  whkh  Iho  hStary  of  AaNika 
It  lalaMd  to  that  of  PnuMa,  tha  Ini  ioctaro  boi^  asoa  "Cbamplata^  Jia  PanMw  ol 
Paabae"!  aad  thoaladoni  laroltriod  tathoMllMaf  fiwMloclunaaadlhaaceai 
Oaaollha  MbiaclalorthaOld  SoathawnaforiMto' ~    ~ 


laaMi.    Oaaollha  labiacla  lor  tha  Old  Soathaaajpa  for  iM  la  "Tha  Sln«|la« 
M^fcjjlaa4lorWy»Ato«ta.ltotoitorw^ 


PUBUWBD  BY 

THE  OLD  SOUTH  ASSOCIATION, 
Old  South  Meeting-hoaae,  Boston,  Mass. 


•  H«W  Ml 

I  «Wl  MMWM  is 

•NMrhi  rartllLMh,, 

mrM,  aNqr «(  wMck  hnl 

Ml  Itw  «MiMI  MmoM  g|| 
•MioM  (or  Iha  nJMh  lal 
iMilmflM.  TM  Mar*  cmI 
kii  Mtnd  It  IOm.   Wkhl 

Mralloa  ol  CnMd>  to  UmI 
M,  tiM  itodMl  «<  khignl 
Mic«  In  Aantea.  I 

lilathmMaMM^MnoM, 
o(  oraliiiM  Md  haML  I 
•IpabI*  lm|H«Mallnlii7| 

I't  tCOMItt  ol  Mi  VUllMi  I 

tmiaM  Md  ■  MMMtr  b*l 
■poa  ClMinlate  aad  hu 

MV,  M*  MwtclMd  bv  CO|IIM 
•imi<«%  MMt  CWMMMd 

dmt  tt  ChunUm     II  h 
Um  nary  at  tfa  liiwitlin 

itB,lBttw"WMiHhwii<  I 
WffM  to  bit  CfWCw  WMy 
ilii*  Meoad  ¥bI— It  o(  iht 
■ch  EipieiadaM  ki  Mccih 
Morth  Annka"  oar  gmt 
Uai  nd  M«  votaaw  OB 
hic  aadlatoroilfaHi  anoaM 
aafariMb,aatellMlilh 
ikh  Iha  htatary  ol  AaMitea 
•mpbla,  Jm  Foaadw  al 
Mw  md  ibo  acaaaa 
>"ThoSM|(bal 


